See caitif on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caitiff"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "catif"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitifes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caitijf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiteff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyffe",
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"alternative"
]
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "caitifes"
},
"expansion": "caitif (plural caitifes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A captive, prisoner or hostage."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-qI094fRJ",
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
],
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales",
"text": "For, certes, lord, þer is noon of us alle / Þat she ne haþ been a duchesse or a queene. / Now be we caytyves, as it is wel seene, / Þanked be Fortune and hire false wheel",
"translation": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A miser, wretch, pauper or beggar; a miserable person"
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-MhdFowsM",
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"wretch",
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],
[
"pauper",
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[
"beggar",
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],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A despicable or evil person."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-noun-9QPPYIKw",
"links": [
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 19 7 3 6 6 3 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 20 10 2 7 6 0 43",
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},
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{
"_dis": "2 18 2 2 1 5 0 68",
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"orig": "enm:Emotions",
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}
],
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"The state of being held hostage."
],
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"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being held hostage."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caitiff"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitiver",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "catifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caitijf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
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{
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyff",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiteff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "caitiver",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "catifest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "caitiver",
"3": "catifest"
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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{
"glosses": [
"In captivity or jail; kidnapped."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-n7C4-vOf",
"links": [
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"kidnapped",
"kidnapped"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Driven to despair; saddened."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-1PvW1M0y",
"links": [
[
"saddened",
"saddened"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"miserly, of little means."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-w0L8mHQj",
"links": [
[
"miserly",
"miserly"
],
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"malicious, bad, sinful, heartless."
],
"id": "en-caitif-enm-adj-5OwkzZCZ",
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"heartless",
"heartless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caitiff"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chétif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*cactivus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cactivus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "xtg",
"3": "",
"4": "caxtos"
},
"expansion": "Transalpine Gaulish caxtos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaxtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaxtos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caitiu"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan caitiu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *cactivus, from a crossing of Latin captīvus and a Transalpine Gaulish caxtos, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos. Cognate with Old Occitan caitiu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitif oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "caitis",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caitis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "caitifs",
"source": "declension",
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"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitives",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitifs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caitives",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chatif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "caitif oblique singular, m (oblique plural caitis, nominative singular caitis, nominative plural caitif)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
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"name": "Old French links with redundant alt parameters",
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},
{
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"name": "Old French links with redundant wikilinks",
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{
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},
{
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}
],
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"captive, prisoner"
],
"id": "en-caitif-fro-noun-UQLpSNYn",
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],
[
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]
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
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"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -yf",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:People"
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caitiff"
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}
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"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman caitif",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitifes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caitijf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytif",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytef",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiteff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytiffe",
"tags": [
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}
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"g": "",
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"expansion": "caitif",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "caitifes"
},
"expansion": "caitif (plural caitifes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A captive, prisoner or hostage."
],
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
],
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales",
"text": "For, certes, lord, þer is noon of us alle / Þat she ne haþ been a duchesse or a queene. / Now be we caytyves, as it is wel seene, / Þanked be Fortune and hire false wheel",
"translation": "Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Knight's Tale\", The Canterbury Tales"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A miser, wretch, pauper or beggar; a miserable person"
],
"links": [
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"wretch",
"wretch"
],
[
"pauper",
"pauper"
],
[
"beggar",
"beggar"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A despicable or evil person."
],
"links": [
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being held hostage."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The state of being held hostage."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
{
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"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -yf",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"enm:People"
],
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"word": "caitiff"
}
],
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"2": "xno",
"3": "caitif"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "captif"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of captif",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.",
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{
"form": "caitiver",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "catifest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caitijf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytif",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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},
{
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caiteff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caytyffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaytiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "caitiver",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "catifest",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "caitiver",
"3": "catifest"
},
"expansion": "caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In captivity or jail; kidnapped."
],
"links": [
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
],
[
"jail",
"jail"
],
[
"kidnapped",
"kidnapped"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Driven to despair; saddened."
],
"links": [
[
"saddened",
"saddened"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"miserly, of little means."
],
"links": [
[
"miserly",
"miserly"
],
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"malicious, bad, sinful, heartless."
],
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"heartless",
"heartless"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kæi̯ˈtiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæi̯tif/"
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caitiff"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chétif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*cactivus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cactivus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "captīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin captīvus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "xtg",
"3": "",
"4": "caxtos"
},
"expansion": "Transalpine Gaulish caxtos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaxtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaxtos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "caitiu"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan caitiu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *cactivus, from a crossing of Latin captīvus and a Transalpine Gaulish caxtos, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos. Cognate with Old Occitan caitiu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caitif oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "caitis",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caitis",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "caitifs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caitif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitives",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "caitifs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caitives",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chatif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheitif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "caitif oblique singular, m (oblique plural caitis, nominative singular caitis, nominative plural caitif)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French links with redundant alt parameters",
"Old French links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old French terms derived from Transalpine Gaulish",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"captive, prisoner"
],
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
}
],
"word": "caitif"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caitif meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'caitif oblique singular or', originally 'caitif oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"caitif"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caitif",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'caitif oblique singular or', originally 'caitif oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"caitif"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caitif",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'caitif oblique singular or' in 'caitif oblique singular, m (oblique plural caitis, nominative singular caitis, nominative plural caitif)'",
"path": [
"caitif"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "caitif",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.